The Civil War Has A Tremendous Death Toll - 1368 Words

The Civil War had a tremendous death toll. In fact, it had more deaths than any of the previous wars combined. At the time, it was thought that the soldiers in battle died from the wounds or amputations they received. The true cause of death came from disease. These harsh conditions were contributed by unqualified doctors and non-sterile equipment. During the Civil War, the true issue was not only the wounds received in battle but the infectious diseases that ultimately led to the soldier’s death. When this was discovered, doctors knew some action needed to take place. Hospitals and sanitation standards were improved. The Civil War contributed to an evolution of medicine and how to combat victims plagued with disease. Twice as many†¦show more content†¦A Steward’s job entailed dealing with minor injuries such as scrapes, bumps, and cuts not deep enough for surgical interaction. On the occasion, they would pull teeth and distribute medicine to the soldiers who needed help with pain management. If the Steward completed his duties in a good fashion, he would be allowed to step in and help with more serious cases such as amputations in hope that one day he would become a qualified surgeon. Since amputations were performed so frequently, it did not take much time in order to become qualified. These short â€Å"internships† through the Civil War proved to be ineffective as surgeons lacked knowledge in all aspects of the medical field. The diseases soldiers tended to face were small pox, measles, mumps, dysentery, and so on. The list is endless. Dysentery was by far the most lethal during the Civil War (Civil War Diseases 1). There was a 75% chance that if a soldier was injured, an amputation would occur (Civil War Medicine 1). This led to a tremendous death toll due to the bacteria into the wound. There were plentiful reasons as why a soldier contracted these diseases other than a gunshot wound. These reasons included, poor physical upon entering the army, the doctors lack of knowledge when it came to medical information, terrible hygiene, disease causing parasites, and lack of the basic necessities for survival. As you can see, this is a recipe for failure and death. For example, in order toShow MoreRelatedMedical Practices of the Civil War1349 Words   |  6 PagesMedical Practices of the Civil War The medical practices used during the Civil War era were not very advanced and took a big toll on the war itself. Many of the soldiers, both Union and Confederate, returned home with missing body parts, were shell shocked, or were psychologically traumatized. These medical practices during this time did not do much to help the lives of the soldiers other than doing the bare minimum to keep them alive, which in many cases, resulted in infection and diseaseRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On American Soil Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesthousands of Americans without any discrimination or bias. The decades old â€Å"war on drugs† has done little to hinder the devastating carnage of widespread drug abuse decimating today’s youth. This affliction hits home for almost all of us to at least some extent. The enemy is known, we as a country however have yet to devise an accurate plan to defeat it. This paper delves into the current polysubstance dependence epidemic waging war on American soil. It elaborates and discusses the evolution of AmericanRead MoreIslamic Militia And A Saudi Led Government Offensive1601 Words   |  7 PagesRed Sea, Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden and Oman. Yemen is a developing country currently succumbing to civil unrest as well as suffering from severe economic stagnation. Yemen has been in serious conflict since 2015. Armed militia and a Saudi led government offensive have been warring throughout the country causing tremendous humanitarian need. Current Events Yemen has been suffering from tremendous civil unrest since 2015. Nine countries forming an Arab coalition, to include Saudi Arabia began operationsRead MoreAfter Affects of WWI1513 Words   |  7 PagesAfter Affects of WWI WWI was, at its time, the largest and most destructive war planet Earth had ever seen. Some countries lost millions of lives and nearly an entire generation. The war casted the world into massive debt and Europe was almost totally razed. The Allies sought revenge and not so surprisingly, they found it. The Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany must accept total fault for the war. Germany was forced to pay reparation money, which it did not have, to the Allies. This droveRead MoreRealism And Virtual Reality : Images Of America s Wars1532 Words   |  7 Pagesof America’s Wars â€Å" Franklin has developed an awesome essay addressing the evolution of technology used in Americas` wars also the media’s presentation of theses wars to the public in the U.S. He emphasized mostly the media’s presentation of war, the forms and methods that it has gradually evolved to, and its lies and biases. Franklin discusses, however, how the projection of the war was romanticized at the beginning since paintings was the only way to visualize and express the war . However whenRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe endless advance of time has left many writers, and their works forgotten. Only a select few live on, Ernest Hemingway being a prime example. With his straight forward style of writing and his Sinatra-esque personality his name still continues to live on to this day. His most famous work called â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† which follows and old washed up fisherman whom is down on his luck embarks on a voyage where he is throw n into a long bout with a tremendous marlin. The novel landed HemingwayRead MoreEssay about Teachers in Syria1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe United Nations (UN) has estimated that the two and a half year long Civil War in Syria has lead to more than one hundred thousand deaths in the region. The continued conflict in Syria has caused the UN to stop updating the death toll in Syria because they have found that information from Syria and the surrounding region is no longer verifiable (UNCHR, 2014). The UN’s Refugee Agency (UNCHR) (2014) has noted that 2.4 million Syrians have registered as refugees, but they estimate that there areRead MoreUnited States Of America, Home Of The Brave And Land1439 Words   |  6 Pagespulling the triggers, they were giving the guns and training the army to fight and kill all who seemed to be siding with the communist party. Yet many do not know that America would do this to small little El Salvador. While in turmoil, El Salvador has always been a country of peaceful farmers that m ind their own business and enjoy the beauty of their land. Yet that all stopped when the people realized they were being mistreated and the government were racking in the money while everyone else wasRead MoreArgument Against Military Intervention For Humanitarian Relief1693 Words   |  7 PagesARGUMENT AGAINST MILITARY INTERVENTION FOR HUMANITARIAN RELIEF An understanding of where the Syrian healthcare system stood before the civil war, the toll of the fighting and intentional targeting of medical personnel/infrastructure, ongoing humanitarian efforts, and America’s actions to date enable an informed evaluation of whether or not to use American military forces in a humanitarian assistance role in Syria. This context allows for an examination of the limitations of humanitarian aidRead MoreThe Decline Of The Mayan Civilization1196 Words   |  5 Pagesinhabitants. Tikal was home to rainforests and was one of the first cities to experience the downfall. According to NASA, â€Å"They had to burn 20 trees to heat the limestone for making just 1 square meter of the lime plaster they used to build their tremendous temples, reservoirs, and monuments (Coulter, 20). The burning of these trees resulted in detrimental environmental issues in which would soon harm to Mayan civilization due to removing carbon from the air. The Mayan civilization continued to

Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz Essay - 1103 Words

Sarah Johnson Personal Response to Survival in Auschwitz â€Å"Why is the pain of every day translated so constantly into our dreams, in the ever-repeated scene of the unlistened-to story† (Levi, p 60)? As I read this quote in my book, I highlighted it and wrote in the margin â€Å"foreshadowing†. I feel confident that these dreams signified just that; that the author (amongst the other survivors) would forever re-live those horrors and try tell their stories†¦and no one listens. The poem at the beginning of the book, Survival in Auschwitz, by Primo Levi, warns us of just this and curses us should we fail to listen. It is imperative that we a global community never forget and forever respect the struggle. I believe that this feeling, of sharing his†¦show more content†¦We would think this to a reasonable response, however Levi goes on to educate otherwise. â€Å"Kuhn is out of his senses. Does he not see†¦Beppo, who is twenty years old and is going to the gas chamber the day after tomorrow and knows itâ₠¬ ¦? If I was God, I would spit at Kuhn’s prayer† (p129). I thought that Levi’s response to Kuhn’s prayer was extreme at first, for isn’t it customary to give thanks for good fortune? But then as I reflected on this, Levi was absolutely correct. How dare one man thank God for living another day when the man beside him has been condemned? There is no rhyme or reason to it, there is no why in the Lager. It is impossible for them at the time to understand, which is why the law of the camp was â€Å"do not think†. How can we begin to fathom now the how’s or why’s? It doesn’t make sense. Who wants to listen to a story that doesn’t make any sense and acknowledge that it could happen all over again? Sometimes, we love to hear the story of a tragedy. For example, some of the most well liked tragedies of all time include Gone with the Wind, Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, many of Shakespeare’s plays, and a Streetcar Named Desire. These are not only stories though; they have their sadness but throughout there is also hope and there are also morals, these are things to gain by these stories. The story the Levi needs to share with us has no hope, it has no moral storyline that we can learn fromShow MoreRelatedPrimo Levis Survival in Auschwitz1607 Words   |  7 PagesReading the novel Survival in Auschwitz by author Primo Levi leads one to wonder whether his survival is attributed to his indefinite will to survive or a very subservient streak of luck. Throughout the novel, he is time and again spared from the fate that supposedly lies ahead of all inhabitants of the death camp at Auschwitz. Whether it was falling ill at the most convenient times or coming in contact with prison ers who had a compassionate, albeit uncommon, disposition, it would seem as thoughRead MorePrimo Levis Survival In Auschwitz1261 Words   |  6 PagesPrimo Levi writes Survival in Auschwitz not to tell the reader about the atrocities inside the concentration camp called Auschwitz. He acknowledges that the world knows too much about these places to learn anything from him, so his goal is not to educate the reader about the things that went on while he was a prisoner at the camp. Rather, he writes this book to â€Å"†¦ furnish documentation from a quiet study of certain aspects of the human mind† (Levi 9). In this book, Levi orders his stories notRead More Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesPrimo Levis Survival in Auschwitz Reading the novel Survival in Auschwitz by author Primo Levi leads one to wonder whether his survival is attributed to his indefinite will to survive or a very subservient streak of luck. Throughout the novel, he is time and again spared from the fate that supposedly lies ahead of all inhabitants of the death camp at Auschwitz. Whether it was falling ill at the most convenient times or coming in contact with prisoners who had a compassionate, albeit uncommonRead More Book Review of Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz Essay655 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review of Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz World War II was a war that took many lives from civilians that deserved to have a life of their own. They were ordinary people who were victims from a horrible and lengthy war that brought out the worst in some people. In Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz, Levi gives a detailed account of his life in a concentration camp. Primo Levi was a young Italian chemist who was only twenty-four years old when he was captured by the Nazis in 1943. HeRead MorePrimo Levi Survival in Auschwitz848 Words   |  4 PagesEXAM QUESTION 1 PART A Survival in Auschwitz written by Primo Levi is a first-hand description of the atrocities which took place in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz. The book provides an explicit depiction of camp life: the squalor, the insufficient food supply, the seemingly endless labour, cramped living space, and the barter-based economy which the prisoners lived. Levi through use of his simple yet powerful words outlined the motive behind Auschwitz, the tactical dehumanization and exterminationRead MorePrimo Levi1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reawakening, by Primo Levi, is a sequel to his first novel, Survival in Auschwitz. It is a deeply powerful memoir of his liberation from the most brutal concentration camps of them all, Auschwitz. Published in 1946, the story of Primo Levi’s pursuit for freedom has inspired many people around the world. Levi’s quest back home to Italy was a grueling mission, from ruthless acts of the Nazi regime, the traumatic effects of imprisonment in Ausch witz and the near death experience of hunger and illnessRead MoreEssay on Survival in Auschwitz by Primo Levi922 Words   |  4 Pages Primo Levi, in his novel Survival in Auschwitz (2008), illustrates the atrocities inflicted upon the prisoners of the concentration camp by the Schutzstaffel, through dehumanization. Levi describes â€Å"the denial of humanness† constantly forced upon the prisoners through similes, metaphors, and imagery of animalistic and mechanistic dehumanization (â€Å"Dehumanization†). He makes his readers aware of the cruel reality in the concentration camp in order to help them examine the psychological effects dehumanizationRead MoreMorality And Ethics Of The Auschwitz And Art Spiegelman s Maus1246 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior in order to survive. Life in Auschwitz required a purging of one’s human dignity for survival. Prisoners were constantly exposed to perpetual dehumanization, which inevitably led to the dehumanization, and restor ation of one’s mental, physical, and social adaptation. Because of this, one’s morality begins to erase. It is in the adaptation of living in a merciless world that the line separating right and wrong begins to blur. Primo Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz and Art Spiegelman’s Maus, both representRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Nazi Concentration And Death Camps939 Words   |  4 Pagesduring the reign of terror caused by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi regime. Primo Levi’s, Survival in Auschwitz, offers just that connected and emotion to current and future generated as he illustrates what life was like for Jewish people during the Holocaust and World War II while surviving in concentration camps. Primo is a survivor of one of the most infamous Nazi concentration camps of them all, Auschwitz. Auschwitz was â€Å"Auschwitz I was first constructed to hold Polish political prisoners, who beganRead MoreThe Impact Of The Internet On Literacy814 Words   |  4 Pagesinspirations was Primo Levi and his piece Survival in Auschwitz; primarily because his writing style is extremely personal. The experiences and information he documented is undeniable. Those who believe that the Holocaust did not happen cannot deny that the personal, up close, and in your face facts he collected and wrote about were not valid. This relates to my research paper because many people also believe that the internet does not affect the literacy rate. Using the same â€Å"personal† style as Primo Levi did

Literature and Online College Newspaper Free Essays

Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi is a graphic novel that depicts the life of a female coming to age during a time of war and violence in Iranian. The editor of The Ithacan, an online college newspaper, criticized this work of literature as being nothing more than an â€Å"advanced comic book† and â€Å"not too challenging. † He argues that Persepolis and similar literary works do not encourage intellectual advancement and does not benefit college freshmen. We will write a custom essay sample on Literature and Online College Newspaper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the more basic vocabulary, the side narratives, unique dialogues, and use of illustrations evoke understanding and compassion for not only the narrator, but also the underlying themes. Generally speaking, a novel about Iranian politics and war is a topic that is hard for most young people to grasp or to find interesting because subjects such as these are very foreign to American readers. Persepolis assists in making this topic more relatable. By using graphics to depict the character’s expressions, settings and actions it is easier for the reader to connect. For example, on page 53, Satrapi illustrates the many ways in which Iranian young people express their feelings about the violent atmosphere. They cope with this situation by turning to family, friends and God. In addition, the author shows the children creating games and a fantasy world that compares their lives to the lives of the tortured. An example of the effectiveness of the illustrations and narrative is shown on page 116. The frame depicts soldiers amidst bombs, gunshots and smoke with multiple soldiers lying on the ground, dead. Marjane, the narrator, is standing in the upper left corner appearing helpless. Marjane is then shown exiting the frame stating that the situation could have been avoided. This is a powerful message because it relates to the current situation in the Middle East where American soldiers and innocent civilians are killed everyday. The value of Satrapi’s use of dialogue to enrich the narrative is evident on page 197. In response to overhearing her collogues prejudiced comments, she angrily retorts â€Å"I am Iranian and proud of it! † (197). This simple statement shows that proud of her nationality and will not tolerate negative statements applied to it. On this page she then states her comprehension of her grandmother’s advice. If [she] wasn’t comfortable with [herself], [she] would never be comfortable† (197). This is indicative of her self-growth and acceptance of her ethnicity. Literature comes in many forms and styles. These include novels, memoirs, plays, poetry and non-fiction. Graphic novels are just another medium in which authors can express their viewpoint and influence readers. One type of literature is not bet ter than another; the vocabulary, sentence structure and degree of difficulty does not correlate to the books worth. What is more important is how it influences a reader and the thought process and intellectual stimulation that comes about. Therefore, Persepolis is more than an â€Å"advanced comic book†. It is an engaging, enlightening piece of literature that portrays a violent time period in the Middle East that can be universally applied to other situations in the world today. Works Cited Satrapi, Marjane. The Complete Persepolis. Illus. Marjan Satrapi. New York: Pantheon Books, 2007. Print. â€Å"Taking Initiative: Graphic novel reading selection furthers declined reading comprehension. † The Ithacan 6 Mar. 2008: 1. The Ithacan. Web. 29 Sept. 2010. . How to cite Literature and Online College Newspaper, Essays

How Juliet Can Be Recontextualised free essay sample

In Shakespeare’s play, Juliet is described to be more than just a pretty face; she’s smart, witty, determined and mature. She knows what she wants, and she gets it as it is Juliet who proposes to Romeo not the other way around. In the text, she is written to be thirteen years of age and begins the play as a naive child who has thought little about love and marriage, but she grows up quickly upon falling in love with Romeo. Being a girl from a high social class family, she has none of the freedom Romeo has to roam around the city or climb over walls at midnight. However she shows amazing courage in trusting her life and future to Romeo, refusing to believe the worst reports about him and even willing to shut important people out of her life (nurse) the moment they turn against Romeo. And when I shall die, take him and cut him up in little stars, and he will make the face of heaven so fine that the entire world will fall in love with night and pay no worship to the garish sun. We will write a custom essay sample on How Juliet Can Be Recontextualised or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Juliet’s role in society is very minor and simple. She is the pretty, ‘prized’ daughter of the Capulets and is expected to be obedient of men in their families. In the novel, she receives little guidance and help from her family and is expected to marry Paris as her father decided. This gives a clear example of women’s role and its unimportance. On the contrary, in Zeffirelli’s film we focus more on Juliet’s beauty and youthfulness as the actress who played Juliet seemed very young and had that ‘innocent’ child look on her face. The maturity of Juliet shown in Shakespeare’s text is greatly dimmed in Zeffirelli’s as with the youthful look of Juliet, it questions the audience making them treat and think of Juliet as a child, therefore not taking her or even her motives seriously. However Juliet is shown to be more cautious in this film, not being too rash or sudden. An example of this is at Romeo and Juliet’s first meeting, Juliet carefully looks at Romeo through the crowd of people, peeping through people’s heads and keeping her distance as if she was studying him before coming closer and closer to him. Although I join in thee I have no joy in this contract tonight it is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden. † The Juliet that Luhrmann presents to us is also differently recontextualised. One of the first things the audience takes attention on is how the actress that played Juliet looks so much older, definitely not only thirteen. This is because of the different time periods each movie/novel was set or created in as it is the 20th century and human’s behaviour has changed as they do not marry young, in fact that’s shunned upon. The role of women in society is also changed as women do have rights in the 20th century and can make their own decisions. An example of this is in the opening scene of Luhrmann’s film, a newspaper report with important information about the star-crossed lovers was being read by a dark-skinned female. This choice of using a female to read this important information indicates that we have stepped into a completely different era with the role of women being of equal importance as men. However Luhrmann’s Juliet is not only living in a completely different recontextualised society, but has different qualities in character and what makes her stand out is her strong confidence that the others do not have. She gains this by putting herself out there, getting involved in decisions and engaged in her relationships. With this in mind, it is also no doubt that this Juliet is also very mature as she can take control in situations. This is shown through her first encounter with Romeo as she is the one the initially makes the first move by kissing him, stealing the control of the situation. Both the camera angles and dramatic lighting on Juliet’s face in that scene show that Luhrmann wanted to make Juliet the centre of attention there. Juliet also has a very straight-forward personality as she does not dwell on things and does what she thinks. This can question the audience is it shows that Juliet is both stubborn and fearless at the same time. Therefore it can be seen that Shakespeare’s Juliet can be recontextualised differently by her character and personality as Shakespeare, Zeffirelli and Luhrmann have all created their Juliet with at least one quality different about each other. It can be seen that Shakespeare’s Juliet can be recontextualised through her different personality and character, looks and role in society. This is shown by Shakespeare’s novel and Zeffirelli and Luhrmann’s film.

The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe A critical analysis Essay Example

The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis Paper Edgar Allan Poe is a master of the short story form. All the skill and craft required of a short story are evident in The Purloined Letter. This short detective fiction is about displaying the cleverness of the investigator (Auguste Dupin) in solving a case. As is the norm in this genre of fiction, â€Å"the criminal is caught and the victim suffers, but the investigator flourishes, acquiring pleasure from the hunt and both egotistical and financial gratification from the solution.† (Thoms 141) In The Purloined Letter, the detective fully exercises his powers of reasoning and deduction to arrive at the solution to the riddle. In his regard, one can equate this work by Poe to those numerous Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Conan Doyle. But there are certain features that distinguish the story from others in the genre. Firstly, Poe has crafted the plot in such a deliberate manner that there is symmetry of thought and action by the characters. Secondly, Poe applies psy chological analysis in attributing meaning to, and anticipating actions of, the characters in the story. Thirdly, Poe subtly raises questions of morality through the means of actions of the characters. The rest of this essay will elaborate these points. An obvious feature of The Purloined Letter is its lack of pronounced mystery or suspense, for the identity of the thief, the manner of the theft and the motivations behind it are all openly disclosed. The only question is the exact place where the letter is hidden. The gravity of this question lies in the fact that the letter is a crucial document, upon whose access the Royal Lady’s illicit affair could be exposed. Indeed, â€Å"in the Minister’s and Dupin’s struggle to possess this letter, this hidden story of transgression, brilliantly dramatizes the contest for narrative control that underpins detective fiction.† (Davidson 219) A key passage in the story where Poe applies psychological analysis is when Dupin explains to his friend how he went about calculating the intelligence of the Minister and consequently using this measure to speculate on his likely behaviour. Estimating the Minister’s intelligence to be very high, Dupin infers that the p ossible methods employed by him to hide the letter will also be clever. In this way, the Minister is a match to Dupin’s own high intelligence, allowing the latter to mirror and predict the former’s thought and behaviour. An illustration of the Minister’s intelligence is his first accidental encounter with the royal lady’s letter, where, We will write a custom essay sample on The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Purloined Letter by Edgar Allan Poe: A critical analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"after discerning the hidden story through a brilliant act of reading in which his lynx eye immediately perceives the paper, recognises the handwriting of the address, observes the confusion of the personage addressed, and fathoms her secret, the Minister conceives the plan of pocketing the letter and then blackmailing the lady.† (Thoms 141) Another merit of the story is the remarkable symmetry in the plot. The Minister, being a cunning and clever man, scripts the scenario in which he gains possession of the scandalous letter. For example, he manufactures a letter that looks similar to the lady’s secret possession and opens it and pretends to read it. Without raising any suspicion, he places casually places it next to the lady’s letter. After finishing his conversation, as he gestures to part, he nonchalantly picks up the lady’s letter. Even if the lady notices that it is her letter which is being taken, she cannot object to it, for it would give away her secret. Dupin’s masterful counterplot to steal back the letter from the Minister is conceived on similar lines, lending symmetry to the plot. (Thoms 141) The symmetry extends further, for both Dupin and the Minister are poets and authorial figures, who â€Å"can read circumstances and script the action; they share the initial D; and they both purloin the letter, an action which promises profit and allows us to see more clearly how detection becomes a kind of thievery as the investigator assumes possession of the hidden story and of the characters contained within it.† (Thoms 141) Poe’s genius is also evident in how he criminalizes the solving of crime itself, thereby raising questions of morality. In other words, far from acting on noble intentions, Dupin undertakes to solve the crime only for personal benefit, namely a check for 50,000 francs. He hardly breaks a sweat for this hefty pay, for the prefect was the one made to pursue standard search and seizure protocols, which prove futile. Having thus eliminated the usual hiding places for the letter through the Prefect’s testimony, Dupin makes his master move like a seasoned chess player. Moreover, the method he employs is not ethically above that of the Minister, for Dupin too resorts to stealing. Here, Poe is highlighting the moral ambiguity of the whole enterprise. The moral ambiguity is further heightened when we take into account how the Royal Lady’s mission to get back the letter is not officially notified to authorities. Instead, she uses her position of power to use state ap paratus for personal purposes. So, her actions are ethically dubious as well. Hence, The Purloined Letter is more than a mere detective story, for the detective and his client are not decidedly the righteous lot. In other words, â€Å"Poe proceeds to destabilize what he has wrought by challenging the apparent opposition between good detective and bad criminal. The story critiques the authority of the detective, subverts his solutions, and thus resists closure. From the making of the facsimile and the act of re-stealing the three Dupin stories seem preoccupied with reflection, repetition, and the blurring of boundaries†¦we glimpse how the imaginative Dupin adopts the character and perspective of the ostensible criminal.† (Thoms 142) Through a careful reading of The Purloined Letter, one can decipher a broader psychological device that Poe applies to his short stories. The key factor behind Dupin’s successful resolution of the case is his anticipation. This is made possible by being able to understand and rely on the pattern of behaviour of his subject – the Minister. Poe refers to it as ‘simplicity’, the â€Å"unitary characteristic of both mind and world† that aids Dupin’s predictions. Here, Poe is trying to approximate human behaviour to a scientific law by setting up a formula by which the several modes of human thought and action could be understood. First, â€Å"there was the action of the commonplace, ordinary mind — the â€Å"real† side of man — which conformed to a calculus of probability simple to unmask merely by putting one’s own mind in logical reference and identification with it: Poe’s analogy was the boy who could easily outwit his fellows by guessing in which hand the marble was held. Next, the more complex, original mind was impelled toward simplicity, toward final and ultimate comprehension. It was the character of this mind to conceal itself, as did Minister D behind some other or inverted calculus of relevance.† (Davidson 219) Works Cited Davidson, Edward H. Poe: A Critical Study. Cambridge, MA: Belknap-Harvard UP, 1957. Hayes, Kevin J., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge UP, 2002.

Microsoft Word Tips Creating a List of Charts and Figures

Microsoft Word Tips Creating a List of Charts and Figures Creating a List of Charts and Figures Adding charts and figures to a college paper or business report adds visual impact, which can help you make your point more clearly. However, if you are using charts or figures, you also need to make them easy to find for your reader. This is why Microsoft Word offers a quick way of adding a list of charts and figures to a document. Read on to find out how this works. A list of figures. Adding Images and Captions You can add pictures or charts to a document in Microsoft Word via the Illustrations section of the Insert tab on the main ribbon (you can also import charts from Excel). Adding images and charts. To create a list of the figures and charts, though, you’ll also need to add captions. There are two main ways to do this: Right click the image or chart and select Insert Caption from the menu Place the cursor where you want to add a caption and select Insert Caption from the References tab on the ribbon (or from the Insert tab if you’re using Word for Mac) Adding captions. This will open a new window where you can add your caption text and select a label type. For charts and figures, the â€Å"Figure† label is usually best. Make sure all images and charts that you want to list have captions with the same label type. Adding caption text. Creating a List of Charts and Figures Once you have added all the captions to your document, you can generate an automatic list of charts and figures. To do this on a PC, you need to: Place the cursor where you want to add the list Go to the Captions section of the References tab Click Insert Table of Figures Pick a label type from the menu and click OK Selecting a label type. To do the same thing on Mac computers, select Table of Figures from the Index and Tables section of the Insert menu. This will generate a list of charts and figures based on the caption text for images with that label type. If you make further edits to the document, you can update the list at the touch of a button (simply select it and click Update Table). Updating a list of figures.

The Effects of Decreasing Oil Prices on OPEC Creator States Essay

The Effects of Decreasing Oil Prices on OPEC Creator States - Essay Example OPEC was founded in Baghdad, triggered by a 1960 law instituted by American President Dwight Eisenhower that forced quotas on Venezuelan and Persian Gulf oil imports in favor of the Canadian and Mexican oil industries. Eisenhower cited national security, land access to energy supplies, at times of war. When this led to falling prices for oil in these regions, Venezuela's president Romulo Betancourt reacted seeking an alliance with oil producing Arab nations as a preemptive strategy to protect the continuous autonomy and profitability of Venezuela's natural resource: oil (Perkins, 2005). As a result, OPEC was founded to unify and coordinate members' petroleum policies. Original OPEC members include Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Between 1960 and 1975, the organization expanded to include Qatar (1961), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), the United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), and Nigeria (1971). Ecuador and Gabon were members of OPEC, but Ecuador withdrew on December 31, 1992 because they were unwilling or unable to pay a $2 million membership fee and felt that they needed to produce more oil than they were allowed to under the OPEC quota. Similar concerns prompted Gabon to follow suit in January 1995. Angola joined on the first day of 2007. Indonesia reconsidered its membership having become a net importer and being unable to meet its production quota. The United States was a member during its formal occupation of Iraq via the Coalition Provisional Authority (Yergin; Perkins, 2005). Indicating that OPEC is not averse to further expansion, Moh ammed Barkindo, OPEC's Secretary General, recently asked Sudan to join. Iraq remains a member of OPEC, though Iraqi production has not been a part of any OPEC quota agreements since March 1998. In May 2008, Indonesia left the OPEC group because of the soaring prices and the rising oil demand in East Asia. Economists think that the withdrawal of Indonesia will have little effect on OPEC and on the oil prices even though it has a high percentage in world oil production (Kohl, 2002; Perkins, 2005). The persistence of the Arab-Israeli conflict finally triggered a response that transformed OPEC into a formidable political force. After the Six Day War of 1967, the Arab members of OPEC formed a separate, overlapping group, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, for the purpose of centering policy and exerting pressure on the West over its support of Israel. Egypt and Syria, though not major oil-exporting countries, joined the latter grouping to help articulate its objectives. Later, the Yom Kippur War of 1973 galvanized Arab opinion. Furious at the emergency re-supply effort that had enabled Israel to withstand Egyptian and Syrian forces, the Arab world imposed the 1973 oil embargo against the United States and Western Europe. In the 1970s, the great Western oil conglomerates suddenly faced a unified block of producers. This Arab-Israeli conflict triggered a crisis already in the making. The West could not continue to increase its energy use 5% annually, pay low oi l prices, yet sell inflation-priced goods to the petroleum producers in the Third World. This was stressed by the Shah of Iran, whose nation was the world's second-largest exporter of oil, and one of the closest allies of the United States in the Middle East at the time. "Of